Foot and ankle

---

Bunions and lesser toe deformity can cause pain and discomfort with shoe wear.   These can be corrected using a number of surgical  techniques such as osteotomies, soft tissue release, tendon transfer/ lengthening and  boney fusions.

Although 1 out of 3 people are born with flat feet, most are not problematic.   Those who develop a painful  flatfoot  can be treated with surgical reconstruction.  This often requires tendon lengthening and osteotomies to realign the feet.   

High arched feet can be caused by a number of underlying conditions.   These feet are  not often  problematic; yet, some people do develop pain and instability of the ankle.   These symptoms can be teated with procedures designed to correct the shape of the foot.

Some people with early ankle arthritis develop pain  with specific movements.  This can be caused by small boney overgrowths (osteophytes) at the edge of the joint surface.   In these cases, ankle arthroscopy may be used to remove bone and thereby improve pain and function.

Some people experience chronic, recurrent ankle sprains secondary to a poorly aligned  foot or a disruption of the ligaments supporting the ankle.   Depending on the underlying cause, ligament reconstruction and or osteotomy and realignment of the foot can improve these symptoms.

Many tendons around the foot and ankle can become irritated and painful with chronic repetitive use.   When non operative care has been exhausted, diseased tendons can be treated with surgical debridement, repair and possibly tendon transfers.